EPA STORM WATER MANAGEMENT MODEL
(SWMM), VERSIONS 4.31 AND 4.4
Try SWMM5! See below.
DESCRIPTION
SWMM is a dynamic
rainfall-runoff simulation model, primarily but not exclusively for urban
areas, for single-event or long-term (continuous) simulation. Flow routing is performed
for surface and sub-surface conveyance and groundwater systems, including the
option of fully dynamic hydraulic routing in the Extran Block. Nonpoint source
runoff quality and routing may also be simulated, as well as storage, treatment
and other best management practices (BMPs). Version 4.3 (May 1994) contains
corrections and enhancements to Version 4.20 (June 1992), including a new
Transport flow divider, revised hydraulic radius calculations for natural
channels in Extran and Transport (to agree with the HEC-2 method), multiple
land use options in Runoff, additional sewer infiltration options, improved
manipulation of long-term rainfall data (especially 15-min data), a linkage to
WASP4 from Transport, additional statistical output from Runoff and many other
corrections and enhancements to various program options. Version 4.4 contains
many more improvements and options and modifications, as described below.
The latest edition of Version 4.4, currently Version 4.4h, is the recommended
version for all users. However, EPA SWMM5 is a completely revised an
official release of SWMM, now available (November 2004). It is recommended for new
users, except that
SWMM5 may not be not fully functional in terms of all SWMM4 capabilities (e.g.,
plug flow in treatment objects). See further information below.
The SWMM4.4h executable
program and the Fortran code may be downloaded from this Web site (see later
instructions), and this is the recommendation in order to have the most recent
code changes. The 1994 version 4.3 is also available from the EPA
CEAM. The OSU code and EPA CEAM code is DOS-based and runs in a window
under Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP. Although it will run under DOS with a 486
processor, a Pentium is recommended. Program storage requires about 5 Mb
of hard disk space. Also included with the OSU and EPA releases is the Fortran
source code, program documentation (but not the users manuals, as
explained below), and several sample input files. See this and the EPA CEAM Web
site for details.
State-of-the-art graphical
user interfaces are available from third-party venders listed later in this Web
site. Most of these GUIs are constructed around the core Fortran code of
the OSU model version.
AVAILABILITY
We
recommend using SWMM5 (see below) or Version 4.4h, downloadable at this site. However, Version 4.31 is available
at this site and from the EPA CEAM.
Contact:
Center for Exposure
Assessment Modeling (CEAM)
National Exposure Research
Laboratory - Ecosystems Research Division
Office of Research and
Development (ORD)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.
EPA)
960 College
Station Road
Athens, Georgia (GA) 30605-2700
Voice phone: (706)
355-8400
Web:http://www.epa.gov/ceampubl/
The program may be downloaded directly from the CEAM
web page. Additional EPA programs are also available on the CEAM web
site, beginning at: http://www.epa.gov/ceampubl/
An updated version of SWMM, version 44H, has
been placed on the OSU Web/FTP site during February 2001 and updated several
times, most recently October 25, 2005. This replaces the last posted
version of swmm44gu, September 2000. (These versions are periodically
updated. Look for the date on the 44hexe.zip file.) Version 4.4gu
included many enhancements provided by Camp, Dresser and McKee. Version 44H
includes still more enhancements by OSU and CDM as well as contributions from
users. See the file 44README.TXT for a guide to documentation and file 44GUCHNG.TXT
for a list of all changes.
We (OSU and CDM) are calling the new version 4.4h
instead of 4.4gu to reflect the significant changes to the Runoff Block that have
occurred since the last release, in September 2000. We have resisted
calling it "version 4.5" or "version 5" in order to try to
avoid difficulties in getting agency approval for the various SWMM
versions. That is, this is done so as not to confuse agencies who approve
SWMM usage. The primary changes included in the February 2001 4.4h
release relate to new options for overland flow routing in the Runoff
Block. Overland flow may be routed from one subarea of a subcatchment to
another, e.g., to simulate runoff from a roof flowing over a lawn, or flow from
non-directly connected impervious areas. Runoff from one subcatchment may
also be directed to another subcatchment, instead of having to flow into a
channel/pipe or inlet. In this way riparian zone and overland flow BMPs
may be simulated. Other new options include removal mechanisms in Runoff
Block channel/pipes and much general cleanup. See file
44GUCHNG.TXT for a list of all changes.
The March 2002 update includes corrections to the
continuity checks for subcatchment-to-subcatchment flow routing and corrections
to several other errors, including metric input of natural channel data in the
Transport Block. Also included is a highly preliminary Transport Block
linked DO-BOD-NOD water quality routine, in the manner of the modified
Streeter-Phelps routines that are included in the EPA WASP model. See
documentation in TRANSWQ.ZIP, including a small program to test the reaeration
routines.
The November 2003 version includes minor corrections
made since earlier releases. See file 44guchng.txt.
The November 2004 version includes a Rain Block
option for reading comma-delimited hourly rainfall and numerous minor error
corrections.
The October 25, 2005 version includes changes to
allow the S/T block to read alphanumeric input correctly, to allow BMP removal
from Runoff dummy channels, to read air temperature data correctly, and other
minor changes. With the likely exception of repair of other small errors, this
is probably the last significant modification of version 4.4h. Please try
SWMM5!
The first release of version 4.4gu replaced the
August 1997 earlier version 4.4. That version included many of the
enhancements mentioned on the swmm-users discussion group during the past
several years. We are grateful to Camp Dresser & McKee for donation
of so much of the code. However,SWMM4.4h will never be an
"official" EPA release, since it has been superseded by SWMM5 (see
below).
The Cincinnati Lab of EPA and Camp Dresser &
McKee have now completed an official release of SWMM5, a complete revision of SWMM
that includes a graphical user interface. The new version uses
object-oriented C code. A translation program to convert SWMM4 input
files to SWMM5 input files is included with the distribution. Feedback is
invited via an e-mail address provided by the EPA and through the swmm-users
Internet discussion group. Please see the EPA web site for the free
download and much more information: http://www.epa.gov/ednnrmrl/models/swmm/index.htm The final release
includes almost all of the SWMM4.4h functionality; exceptions include plug flow
and sedimentation theory in treatment units, erosion off subcatchments, and
scour-deposition in channels and conduits. The SWMM5 engine is designed
to link easily to proprietary GUIs (listed below) that will eventually provide
more functionality than the wonderful, but more limited GUI provided directly
by the EPA, particularly in the area of GIS and CAD interfacing.
SWMM AND Y2K
Is SWMM Y2K
compliant? Yes!
If you cross the
12/99 - 1/00 boundary during a single event or continuous simulation there will
not be a problem, since the dates are only labels. Dates are mostly
requested with 4-digit years. In places where two-digit years are
allowed, years are automatically assumed to begin with 1900. E.g., if 98
is entered as a year, it will be changed to 1998. If 01 is entered as a
year, it will be changed to 1901. No version, new or old will harm your
computer if you inadvertently put in 01 for 2001.
Chuck Moore of CDM
has made changes to all computational blocks for version 4.4 that take care of
the century boundary crossing issue for all simulations. WCH has tested
all these corrections with interface files that span the date transition.
The Rain Block has
been corrected to read and pre-process data for dates that cross the 12/99 -
1/00 boundary. Be aware that the NOAA National Climatic Data Center has
discontinued their "Release B Condensed" data format, since they only
have 3-digit years, not 4-digit. Only the NCDC-format (TD 3240 and TD
3260) formats will be Y2K compliant, although SWMM will run pre-2000 data in
all historic formats. Current Canadian precipitation data (HLY03, HLY21,
FIF21) from the Canadian Meteorological Centre may also be read and processed
in the Rain Block and are Y2K compliant. Full details are in the revised
documentation file, RAIN.DOC. Two new new files have been added for
downloading (Y2KTEST.ZIP, CANADATA.ZIP) that document all tests.
The Temp Block,
Combine Block and Graph Block are all compatible.
The two users
manuals below may still be purchased and are changed only slightly from those
for the original Version 4.0 in 1988. (It is not necessary to update version 4
manuals.) W.C. Huber recommends purchasing revised and more
readable documentation from William James at CHI. His two hard-bound
manuals incorporate most of the additions to the model since 1988 as well as
much useful modeling guidance and an index.
Please note that
the dynamic .DOC or documentation files (text files that can be used as example
input files and as templates for user-generated input files) included with the
SWMM4 distribution files also serve as partial documentation of modifications
made during the 1990s.
Huber, W.C. and
R.E. Dickinson, Storm Water Management Model User's Manual, Version 4,
EPA/600/3-88/001a (NTIS PB88-236641/AS), Environmental Protection Agency,
Athens, GA, 1988, 595 pp.
Roesner, L.A.,
Aldrich, J.A. and R.E. Dickinson, Storm Water Management Model User's Manual,
Version 4: Addendum I, EXTRAN, EPA/600/3-88/001b (NTIS PB88236658/AS),
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, 1988, 203 pp.
Changes in input
formats and options for each SWMM block can be found in
"documentation" files (.DOC) on the distribution disks in the form of
current annotated example input files. The manuals can be obtained from three
sources:
·
National Technical
Information Service (NTIS)
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
(703) 487-4650
Contact NTIS for charges, and include the NTIS
numbers listed above.
Alternatively, the manuals (and program) may be ordered in
care of Wayne Huber or William James (who also has updated manuals):
·
Dr. Wayne C. Huber
Dept. of Civil,
Construction, and Environmental Engineering
Oregon State
University
202 Apperson Hall
Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2302
Phone: (541) 737-4934 FAX: (541)
737-3099
e-mail: wayne.huber@orst.edu
·
Dr. William James
(Recommended vendor for
updated manuals.)
Computational
Hydraulics International
36 Stuart St.
Guelph, Ontario N1E 4S5
Phone: (519) 767-0197 FAX: (519)
767-2770
e-mail:bill@computationalhydraulics.com
(Contact CHI for prices.)
Note: William James has his own
version of SWMM users manuals that are superior in most respects to the
"official" EPA manuals. Contact him or CHI for more
information.
From Oregon State University, prices
are:
Two
users manuals: $85
Postage
and handling: $8 to US, $10 to Canada, $50 elsewhere (airmail).
Program
on disks: $50 (including postage and handling).
The
executable program, Fortran code and documentation files are also available on
the Internet via anonymous FTP at OSU at: ftp://ftp.engr.orst.edu/pub/swmm/pc.
See later instructions -- or simply access from this Web page, later.
The program available from OSU (and CHI) includes all
corrections and enhancements completed at the time of an order (listed near the
end of the SWMMRDME file), plus updated .DOC (input format) files. Version 4.31
of SWMM uses the same Lahey compiler and similar array sizes. Version 4.4
is compiled using Digital Visual Fortran 6 (or Compaq Visual Fortran 6).
Web Source for Manuals
BOSS International has converted the EPA SWMM manuals
to an Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) format for downloading off the Web. The 798 pages
for the two manuals may be accessed at: www.bossintl.com/products/download/item/MIKE+SWMM.html
Several
other documents related to stormwater hydraulics and hydrology may also be
accessed at this site.
Current bibliographic
information is available as part of stormwater modeling conference proceedings
from Dr. William James. Contact CHI for information on how to purchase
this set of very useful proceedings. Bibiographic information is also included as part of
PCSWMM.
Technical support for installation and computer compatibility
problems is available from the EPA. Limited technical support regarding program
operation is available by telephone from Dr. Huber or from Dr. James (only if
the program is purchased from him). Infrequent workshops on model operation are
conducted as well. Contact Dr. Huber or Dr. James for information.
The most useful support is obtained from other users, as
well as model developers, on the swmm-users internet discussion group,
discussed below.
A menu-driven interface for running the model and
providing hydro/pollutographs and animated hydraulic gradelines, plus
sensitivity
analysis
and GIS options. The distribution disk also includes bibliographic data.
Charge: about US$600. Contact:
Dr. William James or Mr. Rob James or Ms. Lyn James
Computational
Hydraulics International (CHI)
36
Stuart St.
Guelph,
Ontario N1E 4S5
Phone:
(519) 767-0197 * FAX: (519) 767-2770
e-mail:bill@computationalhydraulics.com
Web:http://www.computationalhydraulics.com/
Mainly a post-processor for Extran
(MTVE) and Runoff (MTVR), including the ability to show the dynamic movement of
the hydraulic grade line and display Extran and Runoff Block networks. Charge:
<$1,000. Contact:
10 Brooks Software
c/o
Mark TenBroek
3744
West Huron River Drive
Suite
200
Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48103
Phone
or fax: (734) 761-1511
Email: 10brooks@mediaone.net
Web:people.mw.mediaone.net/10brooks
A complete graphical user interface and
post-processor for SWMM. Charge: varies but upwards of $5,000. Contact:
XP Software
2000 NE 42 Ave., Suite 214
Portland, Oregon 97213
Phone: (888) 554-5022
FAX: (888) 554-5122
e-mail: info@xpsoftware.com
Also offered as Visual SWMM or Visual Hydro
through:
CAiCE Software
Corporation
410
Ware Blvd., Suite 1200
Tampa,
Florida 33619-9019
Phone:
(800) 883-3487 or (813) 620-1444
FAX:
(813) 620-9019
e-mail:
sales@caice.com
The Danish Hydraulic Institute has a
general GUI for the Runoff and Extran Blocks, called MIKE-SWMM, based on the
DHI MOUSE model interface. Price upwards of $5,000. Contact:
DHI Inc. Portland
Office:
David Wood - President
319 SW Washington St.
Suite 614
Portland, Oregon 97204
Tel: 503-827-5900
Fax: 503-827-5905
E-mail: dhi-or@dhigroup.com
Web: http://www.mikeswmm.com/
Camp, Dresser and McKee has developed a link of Runoff and
Extran Block input/output routines with the GIS program ArcView. These
tools are now available to SWMM users. SWMMTools is an ArcView extension
that allows users of the EPA version of SWMM (e.g., Version 4.4gu) to visualize
a SWMM model in conjunction with existing GIS data. The scripts permit viewing
of model input and output summary data within ArcView. Contact Mitch Heineman for more
information. The routines may be downloaded at the following site:
http://gis.esri.com/arcscripts/details.cfm?CFGRIDKEY=951254069
Another SWMM-GIS
link is available from MWH Soft. InfoSWMM provides a complete integration of EPA’s
SWMM 5 engine into an easy-to-learn and use ArcGIS/ArcView extension. H2OMAP
SWMM is a stand-alone geospatial version of the same interface that provides
the same functionality but without requiring ArcGIS. Further information
is available from the MWH Soft web site or from:
Erick Heath, P.E.
(626) 568-6855
Erick.heath@mwhsoft.com
Sewer Computer Analysis Tools (SewerCATTM)
is a PC-based software product that has been designed primarily for the
modeling
of
flows and heads within sewer networks. In 1999, an Extran engine was
added to SewerCAT. This work was partially funded by the City of Philadelphia
Water Department. The Extran code from SWMM version 4.4h has been taken and
modified so that the purely computational aspects of the model are encapsulated
into a DLL (Dynamic Link Library). The DLL conforms to the input and output
required by SewerCAT of its hydraulic engines. Information about SewerCAT and
the Extran DLL may be obtained from:
David T. Mears
SewerCAT
Maintainer
Earth
Tech
Bellevue,
Washington
SewerCatDev@hotmail.com
Phone:
(206) 300-7873
www.sewermodel.com
An interactive
ArcInfo pre-processor (and limited post-processor) for SWMM was developed in
1992-93 by Dr. T. Gray Curtis. It couples the ArcInfo GIS with SWMM. No charge
for beta version. However, this program is based on the 1993 Version 4.2 of
SWMM, developed and is not current. A better choice for interactive SWMM-GIS
activity is to use one of three GUIs discussed above: PCSWMM, XP-SWMM, or
Visual SWMM.
The 1993 Unix
version of SwmmDuet may be downloaded via ftp at ftp.engr.orst.edu/pub/swmm/workstation at
Oregon St. University.
Support is unavailable.
This program was developed by the EPA
Office of Science and Technology in 1994 as a Windows-based, menu-driven
interface for parts of SWMM. It has been useful as a training tool, but
is too limited in capabilities to be a useful production tool. This
version is not recommended by W. Huber for
other than simple or learning simulations on the basis of numerous small errors
that have never been corrected. (Use EPA SWMM5 instead, described earlier.) Support for
the program by the EPA Office of Water has been discontinued as of November
1999 and the program is no longer available. For further information,
contact Russ Kinerson, (202) 260-1330.
Sixteen SWMM files are in the SWMM
anonymous ftp location at OSU: ftp://ftp.engr.orst.edu/pub/swmm/pc.
"Click"
on this location to download SWMM.
Note: Version 44h contains the most
recent updates and is recommended for use. Version 4.31 will continue to
be distributed until version 44h has complete acceptance.
Version 4.31 (7 files) (not recommended)
SWMMRDME
- read-me file
describing recent changes to the code (ASCII). After going to the ftp site,
this may be read by "clicking" on the title. Read it to find out
what's new. The date at the top usually corresponds to the most current version
of the model, and the most recent changes can be found in the numerical
listing, near the end of the file.
SWMMEXE.ZIP
- pkzipped
executable (binary)
SWMMCODE.ZIP
- pkzipped Fortran
code (binary)
SWMMREAD.ZIP
- pkzipped read-me
and document (.DOC) files (binary)
SWMMXMP1.ZIP
- pkzipped first
set of SWMM examples, partially described in SWMMRDME (binary)
SWMMXMP2.ZIP
- pkzipped second
set of SWMM examples, partially described in SWMMRDME (binary)
SWMMXMPC.ZIP
- pkzipped
continuous SWMM example for Miami (binary)
Version 4.4H (10 files) (recommended). Latest
posted version: October 25, 2005.
44README.TXT = description of the files.
44hexe.zip = win-zipped executable (swmm44h.exe)
44hcode.zip = win-zipped Fortran code
old-doc.zip = zipped data/document files (text files)
for each block. These are old .DOC files from
version 4.31 but should execute with version 4.4gu. However, changes
(documentation) for version 4.4 are contained in .DOC files in file 44-doc.zip,
below.
44-doc.zip = zipped data/document files (text files)
for each block that contain documentation of changes for version 4.4g. These
document files (.doc) are text files, not Word files and may be used as program
input files. In addition, there are five Word files (44a.doc, 44f.doc, 44g.doc, cdm-extran-report.doc,
cdm9-8-00.doc) that describe all the changes implemented by Chuck Moore for
various versions of SWMM 4.4g. An additional file, shapes.doc.txt,
describes the geometries of Extran ellipse and arch conduits, KLASS 9, 10, and
11. (Sorry for the confusion with file extensions.)
44guchng.txt = text file that documents any changes
to various version 4.4 releases since the "base" version was released
on September 28, 1999.
overland.zip = zipped data and output files
illustrating February 2001 overland flow options.
transwq.zip = zipped documentation and sample data
files for linked DO-BOD-NOD water quality simulation in the Transport Block.
y2ktest.zip = zipped data files for testing of
continuous simulations that span the century boundary.
canadata.zip = zipped data files for testing current
Canadian hourly and 15-minute precipitation formats in the Rain Block.
Note, Winzip version 8.0 has been used for file
compression.
In addition to the example files, the .DOC
("document") files contained in the 44-DOC.ZIP, OLD-DOC.ZIP,
SWMMREAD.ZIP files and elsewhere are all executable and should be referenced in
any case for the latest information on changes to SWMM input. The files are
updated whenever there is a SWMM update. The latest date is the date at the
beginning of the ASCII SWMMRDME file.
If there is a problem, please contact Wayne. Users should note that all code is
eventually given to EPA CEAM at Athens, Georgia and is eventually incorporated
into the "official" EPA SWMM release. The most recent CEAM release is
dated May 1994 and differs from the OSU release in that the CEAM release does
not have the most recent error corrections (listed at the end of the
SWMMRDME file).
Both the OSU and CEAM versions use the same Lahey
compiler and similar array sizes for Version 4.3 and 4.31. Version 4.4 is
compiled using Compaq Digital Visual Fortran 6.6 (formerly Digital Visual
Fortran). When changes to the SWMM program are made, they will be
announced on the SWMM Internet discussion group on the list-server at the University
of Guelph. To subscribe to this free service, send an Internet message to:
listserv@listserv.uoguelph.ca Leave the
subject blank. The body of the message should contain only: SUBSCRIBE
SWMM-USERS followed by your NAME. You will then receive copies of any
messages sent to: swmm-users@listserv.uoguelph.ca
1. Ask WCH (or other users) for help!
Many problems have been encountered by others and already solved. See if a
solution already exists. If WCH can't help, maybe someone else can.
2. Use the most recent SWMM version.
This will be Version 4.4h. Although Version 4.31 (January 1997) is also
provided, for continuity with the May 1994 Version 4.30 provided by EPA,
Version 44h or whatever is most recent is recommended. The OSU version has
corrections for most known errors but does not include all needed updates and
modifications. The EPA CEAM Version 4.30 and OSU version 4.31 use the Lahey
5.20 compiler (utilizing extended memory and giving faster run times) and have
larger array sizes than earlier OSU versions compiled with RM Fortran. Both
versions require about 4 Mb of extended memory in which to execute. All error
corrections are summarized in the SWMMRDME file in the OSU version, and errors
corrected since the May 1994 EPA CEAM Version 4.30 release are
identified. Version 44h is compiled with Compaq Digital Fortran 6.6
(formerly Digital Visual Fortran) and generally has very large array sizes
(e.g., number of pipes allowable in an Extran simulation). These array
limits are listed at the beginning of the SWMM output.
As described earlier in this web
page, Version 4.4h is based on modifications made by Camp Dresser & McKee
and OSU and has the most corrections and options. It is the preferred option
unless you have a special need for an earlier version.
3. Subscribe to newsletters (e.g.,
William James' SWMM News and Notes), review Internet conversations
(e.g., swmm-users@listserv.uoguelph.ca), and
attend user's group meetings. One users group meeting is always held each year
in Toronto in February-March, sponsored by William James.
SWMM News and Notes
Dr. William James, ed.
Computational
Hydraulics International (CHI)
36 Stuart St.
Guelph, Ontario N1E 4S5
Tel. (519) 767-0197, Fax. (519) 767-2770
Web: http://www.computationalhydraulics.com/
Four issues per year. Cost: ~US$50/yr
for 4 copies of each issue.
4. Join the Internet discussion
group, hosted by Dr. William James at the University of
Guelph. To join this free service, send an e-mail message to: listserv@listserv.uoguelph.ca Leave the
subject blank. The body of the message should contain only: SUBSCRIBE
SWMM-USERS followed by your name. You will then receive copies of any
messages sent to: swmm-users@listserv.uoguelph.ca
Many SWMM errors, questions and
problems are resolved within this busy discussion group, and changes to the OSU
SWMM release are announced here.
Note that Dr. James operates similar
list-servers for hec-users, hspf-users, and wasp-users. These may be
joined in the same manner as for swmm-users.
5. Read this OSU SWMM Web page! New
SWMM releases may be obtained here along with additional information about the
model.
Department of Civil, Construction,
and Environmental Engineering
Oregon State University
202 Apperson Hall
Corvallis, OR 97331-2302
phone: 541-737-6150 fax:
541-737-3099
This SWMM Web site last updated: October
25, 2005.
Since
March 1999 there have been approximately 
visitors to this site.
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